Introduction
Parallel between illness and sin: one has to remember the sins and present them now to the physician of the soul, without waiting the final judgment when they will be recalled in front of everyone. “Debemus ergo stimulo peccatorum in coscientia cum centurionem Christum invocare” (note the use of plural person). The servant ill at home is the soul wounded by sins in the body that is unable to move, i.e. to perform good works [1U].
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Three questiones
“Queritur utrum aliquid peccatum mortale sit ita grave quod per dei misericordiam non possit deleri” [1X]. All type of mortal sin can be forgiven by the divine mercy in this life. It follows the interpretation of the biblical passage on the sin against the Holy Spirit.
“Queritur secundo an sit aliquid peccatum ita leve quod absque dei misericordia possit removeri” [1Y]. Every sin is against God, so even the allegedly lesser sin cannot be forgiven without divine mercy, i.e. it needs the previous intervention of grace, which provokes contrition in conscience: “offensa non remittitur nisi per gratiam que causat benignitatem contritionis in coscientia”.
“[Queritur] tertio an unum peccatum mortale sine alio per dei gratiam possit removeri” [1Z]. No mortal sin can be forgiven if other equal sin remains, since the divine grace is incompatible with it. The confession of sins needs to be complete.
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Divisio (see above)
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First part
First “circa literam” (postil to the pericope) and then moraliter: the servant becomes the soul of a friend in Purgatory (“designari potest amicus defunctus cuiuslibet fidelis viventis [...] quod ut miser in purgatorio detinetur et torquetur”; 2A). In particularly, one must suffrage for the souls of his parents for three reasons:
Familiaritatis et caritatis, quia puer sive servus;
Debilitatis, quia iacet paraliticus;
Penalitatis, quia male torquatur.
1.1 Natural exempla: storks take care of their old parents, covering them with their fathers and feeding them; other birds protect those hit by the sun, with a ¬a fortiori reasoning, “quantomagis homines” need to provide for the relatives and friends in Purgatory with prayer and almsgiving [2B]. Note the use of the first-person plural, inclusive and parenetic. Four types of suffrages: the offer of priests, the prayer of saints, the alms of friends, the fasting of relatives. The power of the mass for the deaths is underlined, referring an exemplum by Gregory the Great: “volens igitur parentes et amicos celeriter a vinculis purgatori liberari faciat pro eis missas celebrari” [2C]. Shorter on almsgiving [2E].
1.2 Weakness of the souls in Purgatory, since they cannot gain merit and help themselves. Within the mystical body of the Church, one can benefit another.
1.3 Are the pain in purgatory superiors to those on earth? Yes.
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Second part
Centurion’s humility, and the goods that derive from it:
patris [celestis] furorem placare
hominem a dyabolo liberare
donum gratie abundanter procreare
2.1. Humility is effective against divine wrath, as a plant able to bow resists to the strongest winds. Fable of the oak and the reed by Aesop: “Propter quod fabulose dicitur [...] inter quercum et arundinem”. Oak is rigid and strong, it does not flex (no humility), is broken by the wind and asks the reed how it survived. In the same way happens in front of the divine wrath one has to humiliate itself opposing no resistance; exemplum of Socrates and the tyrant [2I].
2.2. The devil has no power on humble people: they are like small fishes that escape from his net [2K]. Reference to the example (figura) of Hezekiah discussed by the epistle of the day.
2.3. Divine grace is like water, which flow towards and fill in the lower places. Example is the humility of the Virgin Mary that became “full of grace”. In the same way, Abraham and the centurion.
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Third part
Firm faith is the radix, the foundation of every good (“firma fides vel credulitas est fundamentum omnins boni”), since it is said: Iustus ex fide vivit (Galatians 3:11). From faith:
Peccatorum remissionem
Demoniorum confusionem
Optatorum consecutionem
3.1. From faith the remission of sins. Different ways to believe: credere deo, credere deum, credere in deum (i.e. “credendo in eum tendere cum amore”; 2L).
3.2. Faith chases devils away. Reference to “Papias in exphositione super Iuvenalem” (Juvenalis): the shield given to Achilles descends from the sky, which symbolizes Christ who descends from heaven to preach the faith, identified with the shield [2N].
3.3. How faith allows to reach the desired goals is demonstrated by an exemplum about Alexander the Great: “narrat magister in hystoriis quod cum Alexander magnus venisset ad montem Caspios...”
... From faith the remission of sins. Different ways to
believe
: _credere deo, credere deum, credere in deum_ (i.e....
5/1/5
T16/5 Thursday after Septuagesima
Osvât Laskai (Osvaldus de Lasko)
Introduction
Link with previous sermon on faith and virtues. Baptism is salvific only if there is faith.
DivisionFirst part
Three types of faith.
The fides formata needs grace and bears good works, that is expresses itself in love (caritas). Summary of this concept and final exhortation to the soul to consider this precious gift, obtained by the blood of Christ, with reference to the spiritual marriage and the divine adoption that dignify the soul: "Unde anima nostra est terra in qua est germem, id est fides informis, qua infusa pluvia gratie eam facit fructificare operibus bonis, vel sicut lux veniens in domum tenebrosa diversis coloribus depictam colores venustat. Sic ipsa dei gratia animam fide informi et virtutibus adquisitis plenam honestat et vivificat. O igitur ainima Christi precioso sanguine redempta. O mens humana deo per fidem desponsata, o denique virtutibus insignita: considera ipsam divinam charitatem que te cupit salvare. Considera demum divinum donum quod tibi largitur. Item attende tua dignitatem, quia per illud donum effectus es filius dei altissimi et coheres angelorum et collega celestium civium. Agite itaque dignes gratiarum actiones divine nature" (f. d4r)
Second part
The salvific true faith is expressed in three actions: "Primam, quia divinam veritatem firmiter credit" (believe in God); "Secundam quia credendo in deum fideliter tendit"; "Tertia quia se fides operibus veram ostendit" (ture faith manifexts itself in good works).(f. d4r) - in the final part of this section, before the final exempla , the sermon underlines the need of love (caritas) as forma of the faith, since without it faith is death like a body without soul, like a piece of coak without fire (f. d5r).
... "Primam, quia divinam veritatem firmiter credit" (
believe
in God); "Secundam quia credendo in deum fideliter...