Introduction Penance as the most needed things (“precipue necessarium”) for the remission of sin and to enter the heavenly kingdom (f. o5r). It is the raft (tabula) to which one has to hold on firmly, after the shipwreck of the perfect ship (the baptism), since only the Virgin Mary was able to cross the perilous see of the world with it. Indeed, the dangers of the sea are so many that everybody sink and need to hold on to the raft of the penance. Double shipwreck: general (all us) in the original sin, for which there are two rafts (baptism and penance); personal in the sin after the baptism, for which only penance represent a salvific raft.  - Divisio thematis (see above)  - First point: Fasting (link with 40 days of Lent) to follow Christ’s example. It requires patience for those who are not used to it. One need to resist its symptoms (stomach cramps, headache) and not to fly away as some soldier earing the crossbows’ whistles at the beginning of the battle. it requires also patience for the others, in particular for those who prepare the food (the wife), since impatience makes lose the merits of fasting: “si sit coctum nimis vel minus bene paratum sustine patienter, et non proiicias scutellam uxori ad caput, ut faciunt aliqui miseri qui perdunt totum meritum ieiunii” (f. o5v). Three questions: a) Christ fasted only one for 40 days; why must a Christian fast during Lent all the years? Christ’s fasting was absolute and, in the reminder of his life, he ate as the Christians during Lent (“solum semel in die comedere, non carnes, nisi de agno pascali ut legem adimpleret”). Our Lent takes the number of days from Christ’s fasting in the desert, and yet it follows his everyday style of fasting.  b) Eight categories are exempted from Lenten fasting: 1) women who are pregnant; 2) women breastfeeding; 3) sick people; 4) beggars “qui non possunt habere vel vix caules cum oleo”; 5) who travels by foot; 6) workers who have a hard work (“laboratores ut fossores, fabri”) and needs to feed their family with it – yet not “sutores et sartores notarii et similes qui sedendo faciunt opera sua non excusantur”; 7) pueri, i.e. young people until 21 (until their third septenarium), since they need food to grow – Ferrer suggests a gradual progression: 7/8 years old can fast on the Good Friday; 11/12 years old at least one a week); 8) old people, depending on their condition – an eighty years old in good shape must fast.  c) Is it possible to exchange the fasting with alms giving or another penitential work? Without permission no, since it would go against obedience to the Church precepts. Yes with the prelates’ consent (and the doctor’s opinion).   - Second point: Prayer = anoint the head. The head is Christ, the prayer – as an ointment – softens him towards sinners. Quotation of Bernard of Clairvaux: “Oratio deum ungit, lachrima pungit”. Reference to the parable of the unforgiving debtor (Matthew 18:21-35), since “we are all debtors”. on the way to anoint Christ, reference to Mary Magdalen. - Third point: One needs to wash the face of the soul, which is the conscience, by means of the sacramental confession. Reference to Naaman story (“et nota breviter historiam…”). Leprosy has seven characteristics linked with the seven capital sins (scheme: SALIGIA), hence Naaman had to wash himself seven times in the Jordan (2 King 5) – it means that one is purified by the judgment of the confession. - Final exhortation: “Modo scitis in quibuis operibus debetis hoc tempus sanctum expendere”